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The Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, commonly referred to as Heidelberg University, is a public research university located in Heidelberg, Germany. It is the oldest university in Germany and one of the oldest universities in the world, having been founded in 1386.
Heidelberg University is known for its strong emphasis on research and has a long history of academic excellence. It offers a wide range of programs in various fields of study, including the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and medicine.
The university is also known for its beautiful campus, which is located in the historic city of Heidelberg and includes a number of historic buildings and landmarks. Heidelberg University is consistently ranked as one of the top universities in Germany and Europe, and it attracts students and scholars from around the world.
The Great Schism of 1378 made it possible for Heidelberg, a relatively small city and capital of the Electorate of the Palatinate, to gain its own university. The Great Schism was initiated by the election of two popes after the death of Pope Gregory XI in the same year.
One successor resided in Avignon (elected by the French) and the other in Rome (elected by the Italian cardinals). The German secular and spiritual leaders voiced their support for the successor in Rome, which had far-reaching consequences for the German students and teachers in Paris: they lost their stipends and had to leave.
Rupert I recognized the opportunity and initiated talks with the Curia, which ultimately led to a papal bull for foundation of a university. After having received, on 23 October 1385, permission from pope Urban VI to create a school of general studies (Latin: studium generale), the final decision to found the university was taken on 26 June 1386 at the behest of Rupert I, Count Palatine of the Rhine. As specified in the papal charter, the university was modelled after the University of Paris and included four faculties: philosophy, theology, jurisprudence, and medicine.
Between 1414 and 1418, theology and jurisprudence professors of the university took part in the Council of Constance and acted as counselors for Louis III, who attended this council as representative of the emperor and chief magistrate of the realm. This resulted in establishing a good reputation for the university and its professors.
Due to the influence of Marsilius, the university initially taught the nominalism or via moderna. In 1412, both realism and the teachings of John Wycliffe were forbidden at the university but later, around 1454, the university decided that realism or via antique would also be taught, thus introducing two parallel ways (ambae viae).
